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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus and can be seen in any unvaccinated dogs, strays, foxes, or other canids.

Transmission

Can be transmitted by oronasal exposure and shed in the urine for 6-9 months following recovery. This virus is resistant to inactivation and most disinfectants.

Clinical Signs:

There are basically two types of infection 1) acute and 2) chronic. In an acute infection there is fever, vomiting, diarrhea, painful abdomen, swollen lymph nodes, edema, central nervous system problems (can be seizures, depression, stupor, coma), eye disorders such as a cloudy cornea or "blue eye", and bleeding disorders. In the chronic phase of infection you may see symptoms such as jaundice, lethargy, intermittent vomiting, bloodwork abnormalities, etc.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is based on the physical exam findings, blood testing, and a liver biopsy with subsequent histopathological evaluation of the liver may even be necessary.

Treatment:

Treatment involves mostly supportive care such as: hospitalization, placement of an intravenous catheter, fluid therapy, aggressive antibiotic therapy, and treatment for bleeding disorders.

Prevention:

Prevention of hepatitis is vaccination; usually done as a puppy and boosted again in 3-4 weeks. Yearly vaccination is currently recommended.